Inglês Britânico x Americano
5. Diferenças Gramaticais
a - Present Perfect x Passado Simples
No inglês americano, o Passado Simples pode ser usado com already, just e yet. No inglês britânico, utiliza-se o Present Perfect com estes advérbios:
(BrE) |
(NAmE) |
I have already given her the present. |
I already gave her the present. |
I've just seen her. |
I just saw her. |
Have you heard the news yet? |
Did you heard the news yet? |
b - Have x Have got
No inglês britânico pode-se utilizar have got ou have para expressar a idéia de posse, em qualquer tipo de frase. No inglês americano somente have pode ser utilizado em frases negativas e interrogativas.
(BrE) |
(NAmE) |
They have/have got two computers |
|
Have you got a computer? Yes, I have. | Do you have a computer? Yes, I do. |
c - Preposições e partículas
Algumas preposições e partículas são empregadas de modos diferentes no inglês britânico e no inglês americano:
American English |
British English |
Portuguese: |
checking something (out) |
check something |
conferir algo |
different from/than |
different from/to |
diferente de |
do something over/again |
do something again |
fazer algo novamente/outra vez |
in a course |
on a course |
em um curso |
live on X street |
live in X street |
morar na rua |
look around the church |
look (a)round the church |
reconhecendo/visitando a igreja |
meet somebody (by chance) / meet with somebody (planned) |
meet somebody |
encontrar-se com alguém |
Monday through/ to friday |
Monday to friday |
de segunda à sexta-feira. |
on a team |
in a team |
em um time |
on the weekend |
at the weekend |
no fim de semana |
ten after/past four (time) |
ten past four |
quatro e dez |
ten to/of/before/till four |
ten to four |
dez para as quatro |
stay home |
stay at home |
ficar em casa |
d - Forma do Advérbio:
No inglês americano informal não se usa com muita frequência a forma do advérbio terminada em -ly:
He looked at me really strangely. (BrE)
He looked at me really strange. (NAmE)
e - Modal Shall
No inglês americano, o modal shall não é utilizado no lugar de will quando temos a primeira pessoa do singular do futuro:
I shall/will be here tomorrow. (BrE)
I will be here tomorrow. (NAmE)
Shall também não é empregado em oferecimentos corteses:
Shall I open the window? (BrE)
Should I open the window? (NAmE)
f - Verbos Irregulares
No inglês britânico o passado simples e o particípio de muitos verbos pode ser formado com -ed ou -t, como, por exemplo, burned/burnt. No inglês americano somente as formas terminadas em -ed são utilizadas:
They burned/burnt the documents. (BrE)
They burned the documents. (NAmE)
Quando o particípio é utilizado como adjetivo, o inglês britânico prima pela terminação em -t, ao passo que no inglês americano prefere-se a terminação em -ed (com a exceção de burnt):
a spoilt child (BrE)
a spoiled child (NAmE)
burnt toast (BrE and NAmE)
g - Go x Come and...
Freqüentemente se omite a conjunção "and" nessas expressões:
Go and take a look outside. (BrE)
Go take a look outside. (NAmE)
h - Ao Telefone
Hello, is that David? (BrE)
Hello, is this David? (NAmE)
[Texto original em inglês:]
Differences in Grammar
a - Present Perfect x Simple Past
In American English (NAmE) the Simple Past can be used with already, just and yet. In British English (BrE), the Present Perfect is used with these adverbs:
(BrE) |
(NAmE) |
I have already given her the present. |
I already gave her the present. |
I've just seen her. |
I just saw her. |
Have you heard the news yet? |
Did you heard the news yet? |
b - Have x Have got
In BrE it is possible to use have got or have to express the idea of possession. In NAmE only have can be used in questions and negative sentences:
(BrE) |
(NAmE) |
They have/have got two computers |
|
Have you got a computer? Yes, I have. | Do you have a computer? Yes, I do. |
c - Prepositions and particles
Some prepositions and particles are used differently in British and American English:
American English |
British English |
checking something (out) |
check something |
different from/than |
different from/to |
do something over/again |
do something again |
in a course |
on a course |
live on X street |
live in X street |
look around the church |
look (a)round the church |
meet somebody (by chance) / meet with somebody (planned) |
meet somebody |
Monday through/ to friday |
Monday to friday |
on a team |
in a team |
on the weekend |
at the weekend |
ten after/past four (time) |
ten past four |
ten to/of/before/till four |
ten to four |
stay home |
stay at home |
d - Form of the Adverb
In informal American English the adverb form ending in -ly is often not used:
He looked at me really strangely. (BrE)
He looked at me really strange. (NAmE)
e - Shall
Shall is not used instead of will in American English for the first person singular of the future:
I shall/will be here tomorrow. (BrE)
I will be here tomorrow. (NAmE)
Nor is it used in polite offers:
Shall I open the window? (BrE)
Should I open the window? (NAmE)
f - Irregular Verbs
In British English the past simple and past participle of many verbs can be formed with -ed or -t, for example, burned/burnt. In American English only the forms ending in -ed are used:
They burned/burnt the documents. (BrE)
They burned the documents. (NAmE)
When the past participle is used as an adjective, British English prefer the -t form, whereas in American English the -ed form is preferred, (with the exception of burnt):
a spoilt child (BrE)
a spoiled child (NAmE)
burnt toast (BrE and NAmE)
g - Go x Come and...
In these expressions "and" is often omitted:
Go and take a look outside. (BrE)
Go take a look outside. (NAmE)
h - On the telephone
Hello, is that David? (BrE)
Hello, is this David (NAmE)
Ir para - Go to:
2. Diferenças de Vocabulário - Differences in Vocabulary
3. Diferenças de Ortografia - Differences in Spelling
4. Diferenças de Pronúncia - Differences in Pronunciation
5. Diferenças Gramaticais - Differences in Grammar